In 1996, Columbia scientists shifted Biosphere 2’s 2.6-million-gallon Arizona ocean between ice age, modern and future CO₂ every 3 months; future chemistry cut coral calcification by about 40%

In a meticulously controlled ocean environment, scientists monitored corals for three years, discovering that rising carbon dioxide concentrations resulted in diminished skeletal growth. This pivotal study offers early insights into the consequences of ocean acidification. Currently, the Biosphere 2 Ocean is utilized to test coral resilience to increased temperatures, with researchers focused on developing strategies for reefs to thrive in the face of impending climate change.
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