In 2025, engineers replaced road stone with steel-furnace slag and waste plastic; the mix showed better rutting resistance, fatigue life and stiffness than conventional aggregate

Research shows that electric arc furnace slag can replace conventional aggregates in stone matrix asphalt mixtures. Laboratory tests indicate improved performance characteristics such as rutting resistance and fatigue life with this combination. Additionally, waste plastic has been found effective in modifying asphalt binder properties. However, field trials and long-term monitoring are needed to validate these findings under real road conditions.
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